Strong M6.0 earthquake registered south of Easter Island, East Pacific Rise

A strong and shallow earthquake measuring M6.0 on the Richter scale was registered south of Easter Island (Challenger Fracture Zone/East Pacific Rise) on November 1, 2014 at 10:59 UTC. USGS is reporting depth of 10 km.

In last 30 days USGS registered 12 strong earthquakes in this area (zoomed in map below + list). The strongest was M7.1 at depth of 15.5 km on October 9.

Epicenter of today's M6.0 was located 544 km (338 miles) SSW of Hanga Roa, Chile and 3 473 km (2158 miles) W of Lebu, Chile.

There are no people living within 100 km radius.

USGS issued green alert for shaking-related fatalities and economic losses. There is a low likelihood of casualties and damage.

Maps and markers courtesy of USGS

1. 6.0Easter Island region2014-11-01 10:59:55 UTC10.0 km
2. 5.2Easter Island region2014-11-01 10:05:44 UTC10.0 km
3. 5.0Southern East Pacific Rise2014-10-13 03:21:24 UTC10.0 km
4. 5.2Southern East Pacific Rise2014-10-10 18:59:00 UTC10.0 km
5. 5.2Southern East Pacific Rise2014-10-10 17:12:25 UTC10.0 km
6. 5.5Southern East Pacific Rise2014-10-10 04:07:51 UTC10.0 km
7. 5.7Easter Island region2014-10-09 20:59:59 UTC10.0 km
8. 5.6Southern East Pacific Rise2014-10-09 08:14:23 UTC10.0 km
9. 4.8Southern East Pacific Rise2014-10-09 03:48:56 UTC10.0 km
10. 5.2Southern East Pacific Rise2014-10-09 03:19:38 UTC15.4 km
11. 6.6Southern East Pacific Rise2014-10-09 02:32:05 UTC10.0 km
12. 7.1Southern East Pacific Rise2014-10-09 02:14:32 UTC15.5 km

East Pacific Rise

East Pacific Rise is a is a mid-oceanic ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary located along the floor of the Pacific Ocean. It forms part of the circumglobal system of active volcanic ridges, all of which define the position of diverging plates where new crust is being created. Such ridges represent the locus of global shallow-water earthquakes. (Brittanica)

The ridge separates the Pacific Plate to the west from (north to south) the North American Plate, the Rivera Plate, the Cocos Plate, the Nazca Plate, and the Antarctic Plate and runs from an undefined point near Antarctica in the south northward to its termination at the northern end of the Gulf of California in the Salton Sea basin in southern California. (Wikipedia)

Major Pacific trenches (1-10) and fracture zones (11-20): 1. Kermadec 2. Tonga 3. Bougainville 4. Mariana 5. Izu-Ogasawara 6. Japan 7. Kuril–Kamchatka 8. Aleutian 9. Middle America 10. Peru-Chile 11. Mendocino 12. Murray 13. Molokai 14. Clarion 15. Clipperton 16. Challenger 17. Eltanin 18. Udintsev 19. East Pacific Rise (S-shaped) 20. Nazca Ridge. Image credit: NOAA

Near Easter Island, the East Pacific Rise meets the Chile Rise at the Easter Island and Juan Fernandez microplates, trending off to the east where it subducts under the South American Plate at the Peru-Chile Trench along the coast of southern Chile. The southern extension of the East Pacific Rise (called the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge) merges with the Southeast Indian Ridge at the Macquarie Triple Junction south of New Zealand.

The oceanic crust is moving away from the East Pacific Rise to either side at a rate of 7.5 cm/year. ("Understanding plate motions" – USGS)  

On the eastern side of the rise the eastward moving Cocos and Nazca plates meet the westward moving South American Plate and the North American Plate and are being subducted under them.

The belt of volcanoes along the Andes and the arc of volcanoes through Central America and Mexico are the direct results of this collision. Due east of the Baja California Peninsula, the Rise is sometimes referred to as the Gulf of California Rift Zone. In this area, newly formed oceanic crust is intermingled with rifted continental crust originating from the North American Plate.

Along the East Pacific Rise the hydrothermal vents called black smokers were first discovered and have been extensively studied. These vents are forming volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits on the ocean floor. ("Black Smokers" – American Museum of Natural History) 

Featured image credit: USGS